Sampling refers to the process of selecting a portion of the population that conforms to a designated set of specifications to be studied. This statement implies that the way that researchers sample must be tied. We developed and applied a threestep framework to sample studies from. Purposeful sampling techniques for primary research. Purposefulpurposive sampling case study example inconsistency. Researchers often believe that they can obtain a representative sample by using a sound judgment, which will result in saving time and money. Pdf comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. The primary goal of sampling is to get a representative sample, or a small collection of units or cases from a much larger collection or population, such that the researcher can study the smaller group and produce accurate generalizations about the larger group. The main objective of purposive sampling is that the researcher, with his good decision and appropriate policy, chooses those elements which are meant for fulfilling the research objective. Purposive sampling differs from several other kinds of sampling, snowball sampling, and random sampling. To study the consumption pattern of households, the people living in houses, hotels. Examples of studies that have used pur posive sampling are given, including the type of. The use of purposeful sampling in a qualitative evidence.
Concerns regarding the validity of this nonrandom technique and the reliability of an informant are also tackled in this paper. Meaning and objective purposive sampling is a sampling method in which elements are chosen from among the whole population based on purpose of the study. Unlike random studies, which deliberately include a diverse cross section of ages, backgrounds and cultures, the idea behind purposive. Purposive sampling is a nonprobability sampling method and it occurs when. A purposive sample, also referred to as a judgmental or expert sample, is a type of nonprobability sample. Raj, p10 such samples are usually selected with the help of random numbers. This is often accomplished by applying expert knowledge of the population to select in a nonrandom manner.
Weighting and drawing inferences from nonprobability samples require somewhat different procedures. However, because there are many objectives that qualitative researchers might have, the list of purposive strategies that you might follow is virtually endless, and any given list will reflect only the range of. Convenience sampling and purposive sampling are nonprobability sampling techniques that a researcher uses to choose a sample of subjectsunits from a population. Purposive sampling is a nonprobability sampling method and it occurs when elements selected for the sample are chosen by the judgment of the researcher.
The sage encyclopedia of qualitative research methods thousand oaks, ca. A manual for selecting sampling techniques in research 4 preface the manual for sampling techniques used in social sciences is an effort to describe various types of sampling methodologies that are used in researches of social sciences in an easy. This paper is primarily based on literature research and it is divided among five parts, which are. However, because there are many objectives that qualitative researchers might have, the list of purposive strategies that may be followed is virtually endless, and any given list will reflect only the range. This statement implies that the way that researchers sample must be tied to their objectives. Created using powtoon free sign up at youtube create animated videos and animated presentations for free. Nonprobability sampling is often divided into three primary categories. Purposive sampling an overview sciencedirect topics. Purposive sampling also known as judgment, selective or subjective sampling is a sampling technique in which researcher relies on his or her own judgment when choosing members of population to participate in the study. Pdf snowball sampling is a wellknown, nonprobability method of survey sample selection that is commonly used to locate hidden populations. Using the purposive sampling method in choosing a sampling method for informant selection. Purposive sampling is a term used for methods of choosing a nonprobability sample in a way that makes it representative of the population, although there is no generally agreed definition of a representative sample, and purposive sampling is often based on subjective considerations.
Purposive sampling, also known as judgmental, selective, or subjective sampling, is a form of nonprobability sampling in which researchers rely on their own judgment when choosing members of the population to participate in their study. Sampling, measurement, distributions, and descriptive statistics chapter 6 sampling a s we saw in the previous chapter, statistical generalization requires a representative sample. Using social media and targeted snowball sampling to survey a hardtoreach population. Probability sampling is considered the best way to ensure the validity of any inferences made about a programs effectiveness and its generalizability. Chapter 2 research design university of south africa. Convenience sampling saves time, money, and effort, but it is the least rigorous technique and may result in poor quality data and lacks intellectual credibility. Sage books the ultimate social sciences digital library. Purposive sampling the purposive sampling is selected by some arbitrary method because it is known to be representative of the total population, or it is known that it will produce well matched groups. Simple random sampling quota sampling systematic sampling purposive sampling stratified sampling selfselection sampling cluster sampling snowball sampling probability sampling 1. Sampling is a process or technique of choosing a subgroup from a population to participate in the study. Using social media and targeted snowball sampling to. The sampling frame is the list of ultimate sampling entities, which may be people, households, organizations, or other units of analysis. Availability sampling quota sampling purposive sampling snowball sampling lessonsaboutsamplequality generalizabilityinqualitative research samplingdistributions. Simply put, purposive sampling is when a researcher chooses specific people within the population to use for a particular study or research project.
In probability sampling, every member of the target population has a known probability of being. Sage business cases real world cases at your fingertips. Insights from an overview of the methods literature abstract the methods literature regarding sampling in qualitative research is characterized by important inconsistencies and ambiguities, which can be problematic for students and researchers seeking a clear and coherent understanding. The aim of this paper, though, is to provide an introduction to some key concepts and approaches to sampling, as well as consider questions about sampling that researchers on religion may often face. It refers to a range of data collection and analysis techniques that use purposive sampling and semistructured, openended interviews dudwick et al. Purposive sampling generalizable or the existence of a particular kind of case will undermine all that you know to be true about a phenomenon, then look for that kind of case. Sage reference the complete guide for your research journey. Purposive sampling in a qualitative evidence synthesis. Combination of probability random sampling method with non probability random sampling method sampling versus sampling methods. Again due to the same reason, the number of accessible dissertations might have changed since then. There is an element of convenience sampling in many qualitative studies, but a more thoughtful approach to selection of a sample is usually justified. Sage video bringing teaching, learning and research to life. Pdf background in a qualitative evidence synthesis, too much data due to a large. Qualitative research methodology in social sciences and.
The example of sampling for a qualitative evidence synthesis presented in this article is. A site is a geographical location with a specific characteristic where we will conduct a community. Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and. Although, nonprobability sampling has a lot of limitations due to the subjective nature in choosing the. Judgemental sampling or purposive sampling, expert sampling, snowball sampling, modal instant sampling. The remaining 20 studies provided no description of the sampling strategy used. The sage encyclopedia of qualitative research methods. A study on purposive sampling method in research neetij rai bikash thapa chapter i. Purposive sampling is virtually synonymous with qualitative research. Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in. The idea is to pick out the sample in relation to some criterion, which are considered important for the particular study.
For instance, the range of variation in a sample from which purposive sample is to be. This article studied and compared the two nonprobability sampling techniques namely, convenience sampling and purposive sampling. The main objective of a purposive sample is to produce a sample that can be logically assumed to be representative of the population. In probability sampling, each unit is drawn with known probability, yamane, p3 or has a nonzero chance of being selected in the sample. Purposive sampling is a type of nonprobability sampling where the sites that are assessed are defined by the assessment team and based on the purpose of the assessment. Purposive sampling as a tool for informant selection ethnobotany. Cq press your definitive resource for politics, policy and people. Qualitative research is designed to explore the human elements of a given topic, while specific qualitative methods examine how individuals see and experience the world.
This sampling method requires researchers to have prior knowledge about the purpose of their studies so that. Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Sampling procedures kenya projects organization kenpro. A purposive sampling method was used, which is most common in phenomenological inquiry. There are two major sampling procedures in research. Qualitative approaches are typically used to explore new phenomena and to capture individuals thoughts, feelings, or interpretations of meaning and process. Sampling problems may differ in different parts of the population. Pdf purposive sampling in a qualitative evidence synthesis. In this chapter, we w ill look at some of the ways that we might construct such a.
Although, nonprobability sampling has a lot of limitations due to the subjective nature in choosing the sample. For a given sample household, the interviewer might ask for. To say one will engage in purposive sampling signifies that one sees sampling as a series of strategic choices about with whom, where, and how one does ones research. Nevertheless, some specific objectives and interests characterize qualitative research. In hybrid type 2 and type 3 designs where the implementation process is given equal or greater priority. Purposive sampling and it is concluded that the choice of the techniques convenience sampling and purposive sampling. Purposive sampling as a tool for informant selection. Purposive sampling techniques are used in qualitative research by. A manual for selecting sampling techniques in research. Pdf comparison of convenience sampling and purposive. Sampling and sampling methods volume 5 issue 6 2017 ilker etikan, kabiru bala. These do not exhaust the possibilities but illustrate some of the strategic lenses through which purposive sampling can be considered. Purposive sampling of primary studies for inclusion in the synthesis is one way of achieving a manageable amount of data. Probability sampling a term due to deming, deming is a sampling porcess that utilizes some form of random selection.
Combination of probability random sampling method with non. So, what is purposive sampling and why would you use it. Sampling methods are usually divided into two types. While purposive sampling is often used when ones goal is to include participants who represent a broad range of perspectives, purposive sampling may also be used when a researcher wishes to include only people who meet very narrow or specific criteria.